1 | /*******************************************************************************
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2 | mach_inject.c
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3 | Copyright (c) 2003-2005 Jonathan 'Wolf' Rentzsch: <http://rentzsch.com>
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4 | Some rights reserved: <http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/>
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5 |
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6 | ***************************************************************************/
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7 |
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8 | #include "mach_inject.h"
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9 |
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10 | #include <mach-o/dyld.h>
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11 | #include <mach-o/getsect.h>
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12 | #include <mach/mach.h>
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13 | #include <sys/stat.h>
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14 | #include <sys/errno.h>
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15 | #include <assert.h>
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16 | #include <stdlib.h> // for malloc()
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17 | #include <stdio.h> // for printf()
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18 | #include <mach-o/fat.h> // for fat structure decoding
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19 | #include <mach-o/arch.h> // to know which is local arch
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20 | #include <fcntl.h> // for open/close
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21 | // for mmap()
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22 | #include <sys/types.h>
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23 | #include <sys/mman.h>
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24 |
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25 | #ifndef COMPILE_TIME_ASSERT( exp )
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26 | #define COMPILE_TIME_ASSERT( exp ) { switch (0) { case 0: case (exp):; } }
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27 | #endif
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28 | #define ASSERT_CAST( CAST_TO, CAST_FROM ) \
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29 | COMPILE_TIME_ASSERT( sizeof(CAST_TO)==sizeof(CAST_FROM) )
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30 |
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31 | #if defined(__i386__)
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32 | void* fixedUpImageFromImage (
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33 | const void *image,
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34 | unsigned long imageSize,
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35 | unsigned int jumpTableOffset,
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36 | unsigned int jumpTableSize,
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37 | ptrdiff_t fixUpOffset);
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38 | #endif /* __i386__ */
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39 |
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40 | /*******************************************************************************
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41 | *
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42 | * Interface
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43 | *
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44 | *******************************************************************************/
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45 | #pragma mark -
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46 | #pragma mark (Interface)
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47 |
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48 | mach_error_t
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49 | mach_inject(
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50 | const mach_inject_entry threadEntry,
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51 | const void *paramBlock,
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52 | size_t paramSize,
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53 | pid_t targetProcess,
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54 | vm_size_t stackSize )
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55 | {
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56 | assert( threadEntry );
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57 | assert( targetProcess > 0 );
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58 | assert( stackSize == 0 || stackSize > 1024 );
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59 |
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60 | // Find the image.
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61 | const void *image;
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62 | unsigned long imageSize;
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63 | unsigned int jumpTableOffset;
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64 | unsigned int jumpTableSize;
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65 | mach_error_t err = machImageForPointer( threadEntry, &image, &imageSize, &jumpTableOffset, &jumpTableSize );
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66 |
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67 | // Initialize stackSize to default if requested.
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68 | if( stackSize == 0 )
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69 | /** @bug
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70 | We only want an 8K default, fix the plop-in-the-middle code below.
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71 | */
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72 | stackSize = 16 * 1024;
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73 |
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74 | // Convert PID to Mach Task ref.
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75 | mach_port_t remoteTask = 0;
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76 | if( !err ) {
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77 | err = task_for_pid( mach_task_self(), targetProcess, &remoteTask );
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78 | #if defined(__i386__)
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79 | if (err == 5) fprintf(stderr, "Could not access task for pid %d. You probably need to add user to procmod group\n", targetProcess);
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80 | #endif
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81 | }
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82 |
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83 | /** @todo
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84 | Would be nice to just allocate one block for both the remote stack
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85 | *and* the remoteCode (including the parameter data block once that's
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86 | written.
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87 | */
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88 |
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89 | // Allocate the remoteStack.
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90 | vm_address_t remoteStack = (vm_address_t)NULL;
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91 | if( !err )
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92 | err = vm_allocate( remoteTask, &remoteStack, stackSize, 1 );
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93 |
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94 | // Allocate the code.
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95 | vm_address_t remoteCode = (vm_address_t)NULL;
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96 | if( !err )
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97 | err = vm_allocate( remoteTask, &remoteCode, imageSize, 1 );
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98 | if( !err ) {
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99 | ASSERT_CAST( pointer_t, image );
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100 | #if defined (__ppc__) || defined (__ppc64__)
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101 | err = vm_write( remoteTask, remoteCode, (pointer_t) image, imageSize );
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102 | #elif defined (__i386__)
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103 | // on intel, jump table use relative jump instructions (jmp), which means
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104 | // the offset needs to be corrected. We thus copy the image and fix the offset by hand.
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105 | ptrdiff_t fixUpOffset = (ptrdiff_t) (image - remoteCode);
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106 | void * fixedUpImage = fixedUpImageFromImage(image, imageSize, jumpTableOffset, jumpTableSize, fixUpOffset);
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107 | err = vm_write( remoteTask, remoteCode, (pointer_t) fixedUpImage, imageSize );
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108 | free(fixedUpImage);
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109 | #endif
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110 | }
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111 |
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112 | // Allocate the paramBlock if specified.
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113 | vm_address_t remoteParamBlock = (vm_address_t)NULL;
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114 | if( !err && paramBlock != NULL && paramSize ) {
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115 | err = vm_allocate( remoteTask, &remoteParamBlock, paramSize, 1 );
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116 | if( !err ) {
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117 | ASSERT_CAST( pointer_t, paramBlock );
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118 | err = vm_write( remoteTask, remoteParamBlock,
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119 | (pointer_t) paramBlock, paramSize );
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120 | }
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121 | }
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122 |
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123 | // Calculate offsets.
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124 | ptrdiff_t threadEntryOffset, imageOffset;
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125 | if( !err ) {
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126 | //assert( (void*)threadEntry >= image && (void*)threadEntry <= (image+imageSize) );
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127 | ASSERT_CAST( void*, threadEntry );
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128 | threadEntryOffset = ((void*) threadEntry) - image;
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129 |
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130 | ASSERT_CAST( void*, remoteCode );
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131 | imageOffset = ((void*) remoteCode) - image;
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132 | }
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133 |
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134 | // Allocate the thread.
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135 | thread_act_t remoteThread;
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136 | #if defined (__ppc__) || defined (__ppc64__)
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137 | if( !err ) {
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138 | ppc_thread_state_t remoteThreadState;
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139 |
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140 | /** @bug
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141 | Stack math should be more sophisticated than this (ala redzone).
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142 | */
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143 | remoteStack += stackSize / 2;
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144 |
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145 | bzero( &remoteThreadState, sizeof(remoteThreadState) );
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146 |
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147 | ASSERT_CAST( unsigned int, remoteCode );
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148 | remoteThreadState.srr0 = (unsigned int) remoteCode;
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149 | remoteThreadState.srr0 += threadEntryOffset;
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150 | assert( remoteThreadState.srr0 < (remoteCode + imageSize) );
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151 |
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152 | ASSERT_CAST( unsigned int, remoteStack );
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153 | remoteThreadState.r1 = (unsigned int) remoteStack;
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154 |
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155 | ASSERT_CAST( unsigned int, imageOffset );
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156 | remoteThreadState.r3 = (unsigned int) imageOffset;
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157 |
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158 | ASSERT_CAST( unsigned int, remoteParamBlock );
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159 | remoteThreadState.r4 = (unsigned int) remoteParamBlock;
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160 |
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161 | ASSERT_CAST( unsigned int, paramSize );
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162 | remoteThreadState.r5 = (unsigned int) paramSize;
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163 |
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164 | ASSERT_CAST( unsigned int, 0xDEADBEEF );
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165 | remoteThreadState.lr = (unsigned int) 0xDEADBEEF;
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166 |
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167 | #if 0
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168 | printf( "remoteCode start: %p\n", (void*) remoteCode );
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169 | printf( "remoteCode size: %ld\n", imageSize );
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170 | printf( "remoteCode pc: %p\n", (void*) remoteThreadState.srr0 );
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171 | printf( "remoteCode end: %p\n",
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172 | (void*) (((char*)remoteCode)+imageSize) );
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173 | fflush(0);
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174 | #endif
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175 |
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176 | err = thread_create_running( remoteTask, PPC_THREAD_STATE,
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177 | (thread_state_t) &remoteThreadState, PPC_THREAD_STATE_COUNT,
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178 | &remoteThread );
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179 | }
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180 | #elif defined (__i386__)
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181 | if( !err ) {
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182 |
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183 | i386_thread_state_t remoteThreadState;
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184 | bzero( &remoteThreadState, sizeof(remoteThreadState) );
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185 |
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186 | vm_address_t dummy_thread_struct = remoteStack;
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187 | remoteStack += (stackSize / 2); // this is the real stack
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188 | // (*) increase the stack, since we're simulating a CALL instruction, which normally pushes return address on the stack
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189 | remoteStack -= 4;
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190 |
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191 | #define PARAM_COUNT 4
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192 | #define STACK_CONTENTS_SIZE ((1+PARAM_COUNT) * sizeof(unsigned int))
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193 | unsigned int stackContents[1 + PARAM_COUNT]; // 1 for the return address and 1 for each param
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194 | // first entry is return address (see above *)
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195 | stackContents[0] = 0xDEADBEEF; // invalid return address.
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196 | // then we push function parameters one by one.
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197 | stackContents[1] = imageOffset;
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198 | stackContents[2] = remoteParamBlock;
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199 | stackContents[3] = paramSize;
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200 | // We use the remote stack we allocated as the fake thread struct. We should probably use a dedicated memory zone.
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201 | // We don't fill it with 0, vm_allocate did it for us
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202 | stackContents[4] = dummy_thread_struct;
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203 |
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204 | // push stackContents
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205 | err = vm_write( remoteTask, remoteStack,
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206 | (pointer_t) stackContents, STACK_CONTENTS_SIZE);
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207 |
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208 | // set remote Program Counter
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209 | remoteThreadState.eip = (unsigned int) (remoteCode);
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210 | remoteThreadState.eip += threadEntryOffset;
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211 |
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212 | // set remote Stack Pointer
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213 | ASSERT_CAST( unsigned int, remoteStack );
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214 | remoteThreadState.esp = (unsigned int) remoteStack;
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215 |
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216 | #if 0
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217 | printf( "remoteCode start: %p\n", (void*) remoteCode );
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218 | printf( "remoteCode size: %ld\n", imageSize );
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219 | printf( "remoteCode pc: %p\n", (void*) remoteThreadState.eip );
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220 | printf( "remoteCode end: %p\n",
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221 | (void*) (((char*)remoteCode)+imageSize) );
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222 | fflush(0);
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223 | #endif
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224 | // create thread and launch it
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225 | err = thread_create_running( remoteTask, i386_THREAD_STATE,
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226 | (thread_state_t) &remoteThreadState, i386_THREAD_STATE_COUNT,
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227 | &remoteThread );
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228 | }
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229 | #else
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230 | #error architecture not supported
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231 | #endif
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232 |
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233 | if( err ) {
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234 | if( remoteParamBlock )
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235 | vm_deallocate( remoteTask, remoteParamBlock, paramSize );
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236 | if( remoteCode )
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237 | vm_deallocate( remoteTask, remoteCode, imageSize );
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238 | if( remoteStack )
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239 | vm_deallocate( remoteTask, remoteStack, stackSize );
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240 | }
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241 |
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242 | return err;
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243 | }
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244 |
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245 | mach_error_t
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246 | machImageForPointer(
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247 | const void *pointer,
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248 | const void **image,
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249 | unsigned long *size,
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250 | unsigned int *jumpTableOffset,
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251 | unsigned int *jumpTableSize )
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252 | {
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253 | assert( pointer );
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254 | assert( image );
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255 | assert( size );
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256 |
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257 | unsigned long p = (unsigned long) pointer;
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258 |
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259 | if (jumpTableOffset && jumpTableSize) {
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260 | *jumpTableOffset = 0;
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261 | *jumpTableSize = 0;
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262 | }
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263 |
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264 | unsigned long imageIndex, imageCount = _dyld_image_count();
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265 | for( imageIndex = 0; imageIndex < imageCount; imageIndex++ ) {
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266 | const struct mach_header *header = _dyld_get_image_header( imageIndex );
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267 | const struct section *section = getsectbynamefromheader( header,
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268 | SEG_TEXT,
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269 | SECT_TEXT );
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270 | long start = section->addr + _dyld_get_image_vmaddr_slide( imageIndex );
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271 | long stop = start + section->size;
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272 | if( p >= start && p <= stop ) {
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273 | // It is truely insane we have to stat() the file system in order
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274 | // to discover the size of an in-memory data structure.
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275 | const char *imageName = _dyld_get_image_name( imageIndex );
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276 | assert( imageName );
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277 | struct stat sb;
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278 | if( stat( imageName, &sb ) )
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279 | return unix_err( errno );
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280 | if( image ) {
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281 | ASSERT_CAST( void*, header );
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282 | *image = (void*) header;
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283 | }
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284 | if( size ) {
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285 | ;//assertUInt32( st_size );
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286 | *size = sb.st_size;
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287 |
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288 | // needed for Universal binaries. Check if file is fat and get image size from there.
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289 | int fd = open (imageName, O_RDONLY);
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290 | size_t mapSize = *size;
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291 | char * fileImage = mmap (NULL, mapSize, PROT_READ, MAP_FILE, fd, 0);
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292 |
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293 | struct fat_header* fatHeader = (struct fat_header *)fileImage;
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294 | if (fatHeader->magic == OSSwapBigToHostInt32(FAT_MAGIC)) {
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295 | //printf("This is a fat binary\n");
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296 | uint32_t archCount = OSSwapBigToHostInt32(fatHeader->nfat_arch);
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297 |
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298 | NXArchInfo const *localArchInfo = NXGetLocalArchInfo();
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299 |
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300 | struct fat_arch* arch = (struct fat_arch *)(fileImage + sizeof(struct fat_header));
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301 | struct fat_arch* matchingArch = NULL;
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302 |
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303 | int archIndex = 0;
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304 | for (archIndex = 0; archIndex < archCount; archIndex++) {
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305 | cpu_type_t cpuType = OSSwapBigToHostInt32(arch[archIndex].cputype);
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306 | cpu_subtype_t cpuSubtype = OSSwapBigToHostInt32(arch[archIndex].cpusubtype);
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307 |
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308 | if (localArchInfo->cputype == cpuType) {
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309 | matchingArch = arch + archIndex;
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310 | if (localArchInfo->cpusubtype == cpuSubtype) break;
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311 | }
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312 | }
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313 |
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314 | if (matchingArch) {
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315 | *size = OSSwapBigToHostInt32(matchingArch->size);
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316 | //printf ("found arch-specific size : %p\n", *size);
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317 | }
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318 | }
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319 |
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320 | munmap (fileImage, mapSize);
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321 | close (fd);
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322 | }
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323 | if (jumpTableOffset && jumpTableSize) {
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324 | const struct section * jumpTableSection = getsectbynamefromheader( header,
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325 | "__IMPORT",
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326 | "__jump_table" );
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327 | if (jumpTableSection) {
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328 | *jumpTableOffset = jumpTableSection->offset;
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329 | *jumpTableSize = jumpTableSection->size;
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330 | }
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331 | }
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332 | return err_none;
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333 | }
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334 | }
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335 |
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336 | return err_threadEntry_image_not_found;
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337 | }
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338 |
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339 | #if defined(__i386__)
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340 | void* fixedUpImageFromImage (
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341 | const void *image,
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342 | unsigned long imageSize,
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343 | unsigned int jumpTableOffset,
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344 | unsigned int jumpTableSize,
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345 | ptrdiff_t fixUpOffset)
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346 | {
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347 | // first copy the full image
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348 | void *fixedUpImage = (void *) malloc ((size_t)imageSize);
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349 | bcopy(image, fixedUpImage, imageSize);
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350 |
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351 | // address of jump table in copied image
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352 | void *jumpTable = fixedUpImage + jumpTableOffset;
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353 | // each JMP instruction is 5 bytes (E9 xx xx xx xx) where E9 is the opcode for JMP
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354 | int jumpTableCount = jumpTableSize / 5;
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355 |
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356 | // skip first "E9"
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357 | jumpTable++;
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358 |
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359 | int entry=0;
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360 | for (entry = 0; entry < jumpTableCount; entry++) {
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361 | unsigned int jmpValue = *((unsigned int *)jumpTable);
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362 | jmpValue += fixUpOffset;
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363 | *((unsigned int *)jumpTable) = jmpValue;
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364 | jumpTable+=5;
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365 | }
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366 |
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367 | return fixedUpImage;
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368 | }
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369 | #endif /* __i386__ */ |
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