[217] | 1 | /*******************************************************************************
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| 2 | mach_inject.c
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| 3 | Copyright (c) 2003-2005 Jonathan 'Wolf' Rentzsch: <http://rentzsch.com>
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| 4 | Some rights reserved: <http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/>
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[153] | 5 |
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[217] | 6 | ***************************************************************************/
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[153] | 7 |
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| 8 | #include "mach_inject.h"
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| 9 |
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[217] | 10 | #include <mach-o/dyld.h>
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| 11 | #include <mach-o/getsect.h>
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| 12 | #include <mach/mach.h>
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| 13 | #include <sys/stat.h>
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| 14 | #include <sys/errno.h>
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| 15 | #include <assert.h>
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| 16 | #include <stdlib.h> // for malloc()
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| 17 | #include <stdio.h> // for printf()
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| 18 | #include <mach-o/fat.h> // for fat structure decoding
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| 19 | #include <mach-o/arch.h> // to know which is local arch
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[401] | 20 | #include <fcntl.h> // for open()
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| 21 | #include <unistd.h> // for close()
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[217] | 22 | // for mmap()
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| 23 | #include <sys/types.h>
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| 24 | #include <sys/mman.h>
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[153] | 25 |
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[217] | 26 | #ifndef COMPILE_TIME_ASSERT( exp )
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[153] | 27 | #define COMPILE_TIME_ASSERT( exp ) { switch (0) { case 0: case (exp):; } }
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| 28 | #endif
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[217] | 29 | #define ASSERT_CAST( CAST_TO, CAST_FROM ) \
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| 30 | COMPILE_TIME_ASSERT( sizeof(CAST_TO)==sizeof(CAST_FROM) )
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[153] | 31 |
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[217] | 32 | #if defined(__i386__)
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| 33 | void* fixedUpImageFromImage (
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| 34 | const void *image,
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| 35 | unsigned long imageSize,
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| 36 | unsigned int jumpTableOffset,
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| 37 | unsigned int jumpTableSize,
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| 38 | ptrdiff_t fixUpOffset);
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| 39 | #endif /* __i386__ */
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| 40 |
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| 41 | /*******************************************************************************
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[153] | 42 | *
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| 43 | * Interface
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| 44 | *
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[217] | 45 | *******************************************************************************/
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[153] | 46 | #pragma mark -
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| 47 | #pragma mark (Interface)
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| 48 |
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| 49 | mach_error_t
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| 50 | mach_inject(
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| 51 | const mach_inject_entry threadEntry,
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| 52 | const void *paramBlock,
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| 53 | size_t paramSize,
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| 54 | pid_t targetProcess,
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[217] | 55 | vm_size_t stackSize )
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| 56 | {
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| 57 | assert( threadEntry );
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| 58 | assert( targetProcess > 0 );
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| 59 | assert( stackSize == 0 || stackSize > 1024 );
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[153] | 60 |
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| 61 | // Find the image.
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| 62 | const void *image;
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| 63 | unsigned long imageSize;
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[217] | 64 | unsigned int jumpTableOffset;
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| 65 | unsigned int jumpTableSize;
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| 66 | mach_error_t err = machImageForPointer( threadEntry, &image, &imageSize, &jumpTableOffset, &jumpTableSize );
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| 67 |
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[153] | 68 | // Initialize stackSize to default if requested.
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| 69 | if( stackSize == 0 )
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[217] | 70 | /** @bug
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| 71 | We only want an 8K default, fix the plop-in-the-middle code below.
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| 72 | */
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[153] | 73 | stackSize = 16 * 1024;
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| 74 |
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| 75 | // Convert PID to Mach Task ref.
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| 76 | mach_port_t remoteTask = 0;
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[217] | 77 | if( !err ) {
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[153] | 78 | err = task_for_pid( mach_task_self(), targetProcess, &remoteTask );
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[217] | 79 | #if defined(__i386__)
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| 80 | if (err == 5) fprintf(stderr, "Could not access task for pid %d. You probably need to add user to procmod group\n", targetProcess);
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| 81 | #endif
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| 82 | }
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[153] | 83 |
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[217] | 84 | /** @todo
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| 85 | Would be nice to just allocate one block for both the remote stack
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| 86 | *and* the remoteCode (including the parameter data block once that's
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| 87 | written.
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[153] | 88 | */
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| 89 |
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| 90 | // Allocate the remoteStack.
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[217] | 91 | vm_address_t remoteStack = (vm_address_t)NULL;
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[153] | 92 | if( !err )
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| 93 | err = vm_allocate( remoteTask, &remoteStack, stackSize, 1 );
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| 94 |
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| 95 | // Allocate the code.
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[217] | 96 | vm_address_t remoteCode = (vm_address_t)NULL;
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[153] | 97 | if( !err )
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| 98 | err = vm_allocate( remoteTask, &remoteCode, imageSize, 1 );
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| 99 | if( !err ) {
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| 100 | ASSERT_CAST( pointer_t, image );
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[217] | 101 | #if defined (__ppc__) || defined (__ppc64__)
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[153] | 102 | err = vm_write( remoteTask, remoteCode, (pointer_t) image, imageSize );
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[217] | 103 | #elif defined (__i386__)
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| 104 | // on intel, jump table use relative jump instructions (jmp), which means
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| 105 | // the offset needs to be corrected. We thus copy the image and fix the offset by hand.
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| 106 | ptrdiff_t fixUpOffset = (ptrdiff_t) (image - remoteCode);
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| 107 | void * fixedUpImage = fixedUpImageFromImage(image, imageSize, jumpTableOffset, jumpTableSize, fixUpOffset);
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| 108 | err = vm_write( remoteTask, remoteCode, (pointer_t) fixedUpImage, imageSize );
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| 109 | free(fixedUpImage);
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| 110 | #endif
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[153] | 111 | }
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| 112 |
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| 113 | // Allocate the paramBlock if specified.
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[217] | 114 | vm_address_t remoteParamBlock = (vm_address_t)NULL;
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[153] | 115 | if( !err && paramBlock != NULL && paramSize ) {
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| 116 | err = vm_allocate( remoteTask, &remoteParamBlock, paramSize, 1 );
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| 117 | if( !err ) {
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| 118 | ASSERT_CAST( pointer_t, paramBlock );
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[217] | 119 | err = vm_write( remoteTask, remoteParamBlock,
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| 120 | (pointer_t) paramBlock, paramSize );
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[153] | 121 | }
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| 122 | }
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| 123 |
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| 124 | // Calculate offsets.
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| 125 | ptrdiff_t threadEntryOffset, imageOffset;
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| 126 | if( !err ) {
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[217] | 127 | //assert( (void*)threadEntry >= image && (void*)threadEntry <= (image+imageSize) );
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[153] | 128 | ASSERT_CAST( void*, threadEntry );
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[217] | 129 | threadEntryOffset = ((void*) threadEntry) - image;
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[153] | 130 |
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| 131 | ASSERT_CAST( void*, remoteCode );
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[217] | 132 | imageOffset = ((void*) remoteCode) - image;
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[153] | 133 | }
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| 134 |
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| 135 | // Allocate the thread.
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| 136 | thread_act_t remoteThread;
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[217] | 137 | #if defined (__ppc__) || defined (__ppc64__)
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[153] | 138 | if( !err ) {
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| 139 | ppc_thread_state_t remoteThreadState;
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| 140 |
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[217] | 141 | /** @bug
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| 142 | Stack math should be more sophisticated than this (ala redzone).
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| 143 | */
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[153] | 144 | remoteStack += stackSize / 2;
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| 145 |
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| 146 | bzero( &remoteThreadState, sizeof(remoteThreadState) );
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| 147 |
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| 148 | ASSERT_CAST( unsigned int, remoteCode );
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[401] | 149 | remoteThreadState.__srr0 = (unsigned int) remoteCode;
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| 150 | remoteThreadState.__srr0 += threadEntryOffset;
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| 151 | assert( remoteThreadState.__srr0 < (remoteCode + imageSize) );
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[153] | 152 |
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| 153 | ASSERT_CAST( unsigned int, remoteStack );
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[401] | 154 | remoteThreadState.__r1 = (unsigned int) remoteStack;
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[153] | 155 |
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| 156 | ASSERT_CAST( unsigned int, imageOffset );
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[401] | 157 | remoteThreadState.__r3 = (unsigned int) imageOffset;
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[153] | 158 |
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| 159 | ASSERT_CAST( unsigned int, remoteParamBlock );
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[401] | 160 | remoteThreadState.__r4 = (unsigned int) remoteParamBlock;
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[153] | 161 |
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| 162 | ASSERT_CAST( unsigned int, paramSize );
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[401] | 163 | remoteThreadState.__r5 = (unsigned int) paramSize;
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[153] | 164 |
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| 165 | ASSERT_CAST( unsigned int, 0xDEADBEEF );
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[401] | 166 | remoteThreadState.__lr = (unsigned int) 0xDEADBEEF;
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[153] | 167 |
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[217] | 168 | #if 0
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[153] | 169 | printf( "remoteCode start: %p\n", (void*) remoteCode );
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| 170 | printf( "remoteCode size: %ld\n", imageSize );
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[401] | 171 | printf( "remoteCode pc: %p\n", (void*) remoteThreadState.__srr0 );
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[217] | 172 | printf( "remoteCode end: %p\n",
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| 173 | (void*) (((char*)remoteCode)+imageSize) );
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[153] | 174 | fflush(0);
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[217] | 175 | #endif
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[153] | 176 |
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| 177 | err = thread_create_running( remoteTask, PPC_THREAD_STATE,
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| 178 | (thread_state_t) &remoteThreadState, PPC_THREAD_STATE_COUNT,
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| 179 | &remoteThread );
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| 180 | }
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[217] | 181 | #elif defined (__i386__)
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| 182 | if( !err ) {
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| 183 |
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| 184 | i386_thread_state_t remoteThreadState;
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| 185 | bzero( &remoteThreadState, sizeof(remoteThreadState) );
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| 186 |
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| 187 | vm_address_t dummy_thread_struct = remoteStack;
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| 188 | remoteStack += (stackSize / 2); // this is the real stack
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| 189 | // (*) increase the stack, since we're simulating a CALL instruction, which normally pushes return address on the stack
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| 190 | remoteStack -= 4;
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| 191 |
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| 192 | #define PARAM_COUNT 4
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| 193 | #define STACK_CONTENTS_SIZE ((1+PARAM_COUNT) * sizeof(unsigned int))
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| 194 | unsigned int stackContents[1 + PARAM_COUNT]; // 1 for the return address and 1 for each param
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| 195 | // first entry is return address (see above *)
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| 196 | stackContents[0] = 0xDEADBEEF; // invalid return address.
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| 197 | // then we push function parameters one by one.
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| 198 | stackContents[1] = imageOffset;
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| 199 | stackContents[2] = remoteParamBlock;
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| 200 | stackContents[3] = paramSize;
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| 201 | // We use the remote stack we allocated as the fake thread struct. We should probably use a dedicated memory zone.
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| 202 | // We don't fill it with 0, vm_allocate did it for us
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| 203 | stackContents[4] = dummy_thread_struct;
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| 204 |
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| 205 | // push stackContents
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| 206 | err = vm_write( remoteTask, remoteStack,
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| 207 | (pointer_t) stackContents, STACK_CONTENTS_SIZE);
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| 208 |
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| 209 | // set remote Program Counter
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[401] | 210 | remoteThreadState.__eip = (unsigned int) (remoteCode);
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| 211 | remoteThreadState.__eip += threadEntryOffset;
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[217] | 212 |
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| 213 | // set remote Stack Pointer
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| 214 | ASSERT_CAST( unsigned int, remoteStack );
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[401] | 215 | remoteThreadState.__esp = (unsigned int) remoteStack;
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[217] | 216 |
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| 217 | #if 0
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| 218 | printf( "remoteCode start: %p\n", (void*) remoteCode );
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| 219 | printf( "remoteCode size: %ld\n", imageSize );
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| 220 | printf( "remoteCode pc: %p\n", (void*) remoteThreadState.eip );
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| 221 | printf( "remoteCode end: %p\n",
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| 222 | (void*) (((char*)remoteCode)+imageSize) );
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| 223 | fflush(0);
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| 224 | #endif
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| 225 | // create thread and launch it
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| 226 | err = thread_create_running( remoteTask, i386_THREAD_STATE,
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| 227 | (thread_state_t) &remoteThreadState, i386_THREAD_STATE_COUNT,
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| 228 | &remoteThread );
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| 229 | }
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| 230 | #else
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| 231 | #error architecture not supported
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| 232 | #endif
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[153] | 233 |
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| 234 | if( err ) {
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| 235 | if( remoteParamBlock )
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| 236 | vm_deallocate( remoteTask, remoteParamBlock, paramSize );
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| 237 | if( remoteCode )
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| 238 | vm_deallocate( remoteTask, remoteCode, imageSize );
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| 239 | if( remoteStack )
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| 240 | vm_deallocate( remoteTask, remoteStack, stackSize );
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| 241 | }
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| 242 |
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| 243 | return err;
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| 244 | }
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| 245 |
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| 246 | mach_error_t
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| 247 | machImageForPointer(
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| 248 | const void *pointer,
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| 249 | const void **image,
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[217] | 250 | unsigned long *size,
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| 251 | unsigned int *jumpTableOffset,
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| 252 | unsigned int *jumpTableSize )
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| 253 | {
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| 254 | assert( pointer );
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| 255 | assert( image );
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| 256 | assert( size );
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[153] | 257 |
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| 258 | unsigned long p = (unsigned long) pointer;
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| 259 |
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[217] | 260 | if (jumpTableOffset && jumpTableSize) {
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| 261 | *jumpTableOffset = 0;
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| 262 | *jumpTableSize = 0;
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| 263 | }
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| 264 |
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[153] | 265 | unsigned long imageIndex, imageCount = _dyld_image_count();
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| 266 | for( imageIndex = 0; imageIndex < imageCount; imageIndex++ ) {
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[217] | 267 | const struct mach_header *header = _dyld_get_image_header( imageIndex );
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| 268 | const struct section *section = getsectbynamefromheader( header,
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| 269 | SEG_TEXT,
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| 270 | SECT_TEXT );
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[153] | 271 | long start = section->addr + _dyld_get_image_vmaddr_slide( imageIndex );
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| 272 | long stop = start + section->size;
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| 273 | if( p >= start && p <= stop ) {
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[217] | 274 | // It is truely insane we have to stat() the file system in order
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| 275 | // to discover the size of an in-memory data structure.
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| 276 | const char *imageName = _dyld_get_image_name( imageIndex );
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| 277 | assert( imageName );
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[153] | 278 | struct stat sb;
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| 279 | if( stat( imageName, &sb ) )
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| 280 | return unix_err( errno );
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| 281 | if( image ) {
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| 282 | ASSERT_CAST( void*, header );
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| 283 | *image = (void*) header;
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| 284 | }
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| 285 | if( size ) {
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| 286 | ;//assertUInt32( st_size );
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| 287 | *size = sb.st_size;
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[217] | 288 |
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| 289 | // needed for Universal binaries. Check if file is fat and get image size from there.
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| 290 | int fd = open (imageName, O_RDONLY);
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| 291 | size_t mapSize = *size;
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[401] | 292 | void *fileImage = mmap(NULL, mapSize, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_FILE, fd, 0);
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| 293 | if (fileImage == (void *)-1) {
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| 294 | fprintf(stderr, "mmap failed: %s (%s)\n", imageName, strerror(errno));
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| 295 | return err_threadEntry_image_not_found;
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| 296 | }
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[217] | 297 |
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| 298 | struct fat_header* fatHeader = (struct fat_header *)fileImage;
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| 299 | if (fatHeader->magic == OSSwapBigToHostInt32(FAT_MAGIC)) {
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| 300 | //printf("This is a fat binary\n");
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| 301 | uint32_t archCount = OSSwapBigToHostInt32(fatHeader->nfat_arch);
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| 302 |
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| 303 | NXArchInfo const *localArchInfo = NXGetLocalArchInfo();
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| 304 |
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| 305 | struct fat_arch* arch = (struct fat_arch *)(fileImage + sizeof(struct fat_header));
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| 306 | struct fat_arch* matchingArch = NULL;
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| 307 |
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| 308 | int archIndex = 0;
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| 309 | for (archIndex = 0; archIndex < archCount; archIndex++) {
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| 310 | cpu_type_t cpuType = OSSwapBigToHostInt32(arch[archIndex].cputype);
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| 311 | cpu_subtype_t cpuSubtype = OSSwapBigToHostInt32(arch[archIndex].cpusubtype);
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| 312 |
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| 313 | if (localArchInfo->cputype == cpuType) {
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| 314 | matchingArch = arch + archIndex;
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| 315 | if (localArchInfo->cpusubtype == cpuSubtype) break;
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| 316 | }
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| 317 | }
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| 318 |
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| 319 | if (matchingArch) {
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| 320 | *size = OSSwapBigToHostInt32(matchingArch->size);
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| 321 | //printf ("found arch-specific size : %p\n", *size);
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| 322 | }
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| 323 | }
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| 324 |
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| 325 | munmap (fileImage, mapSize);
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| 326 | close (fd);
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[153] | 327 | }
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[217] | 328 | if (jumpTableOffset && jumpTableSize) {
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| 329 | const struct section * jumpTableSection = getsectbynamefromheader( header,
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| 330 | "__IMPORT",
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| 331 | "__jump_table" );
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| 332 | if (jumpTableSection) {
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| 333 | *jumpTableOffset = jumpTableSection->offset;
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| 334 | *jumpTableSize = jumpTableSection->size;
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| 335 | }
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| 336 | }
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[153] | 337 | return err_none;
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| 338 | }
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| 339 | }
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| 340 |
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| 341 | return err_threadEntry_image_not_found;
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[217] | 342 | }
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| 343 |
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| 344 | #if defined(__i386__)
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| 345 | void* fixedUpImageFromImage (
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| 346 | const void *image,
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| 347 | unsigned long imageSize,
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| 348 | unsigned int jumpTableOffset,
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| 349 | unsigned int jumpTableSize,
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| 350 | ptrdiff_t fixUpOffset)
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| 351 | {
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| 352 | // first copy the full image
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| 353 | void *fixedUpImage = (void *) malloc ((size_t)imageSize);
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| 354 | bcopy(image, fixedUpImage, imageSize);
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| 355 |
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| 356 | // address of jump table in copied image
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| 357 | void *jumpTable = fixedUpImage + jumpTableOffset;
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| 358 | // each JMP instruction is 5 bytes (E9 xx xx xx xx) where E9 is the opcode for JMP
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| 359 | int jumpTableCount = jumpTableSize / 5;
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| 360 |
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| 361 | // skip first "E9"
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| 362 | jumpTable++;
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| 363 |
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| 364 | int entry=0;
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| 365 | for (entry = 0; entry < jumpTableCount; entry++) {
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| 366 | unsigned int jmpValue = *((unsigned int *)jumpTable);
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| 367 | jmpValue += fixUpOffset;
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| 368 | *((unsigned int *)jumpTable) = jmpValue;
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| 369 | jumpTable+=5;
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| 370 | }
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| 371 |
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| 372 | return fixedUpImage;
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| 373 | }
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| 374 | #endif /* __i386__ */ |
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